简单的解释:单位(人)

老美的数据是千,把后面三个零补上了……

横坐标:

1st – 12th grade:类似于1-12年级

其中1-5 grade 是美国的小学教育,6-8 grade 是中学教育,9-12 grade 是高中教育

bachelor’s degree:代表高等教育学历,可以理解为我们的本科学历,一般四年毕业

associate degree:社区大学学位,约等于我们的专科学历吧,一般两年毕业

ps:如果大家细看性别数据表格,在研究生和学士学位中,女性数量占比是高于男性的,在博士学位中,男性数量要高于女性

数据来源:https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2019/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html

数据发布于:2020年3月30日

表格如下:

TotalNone1st - 4th grade5th - 6th grade7th - 8th grade9th grade10th grade11th grade 2High school graduateSome college, no degreeAssociate's degree, occupationalAssociate's degree, academicBachelor's degreeMaster's degreeProfessional degreeDoctoral degree
Both Sexes
. 18 years and over250563834146931633413360439581011870947450281038114168533122245931504557
.. 18 to 24 years290856657521012405623508868810338641117133752451428
. 25 years and over2214787691412311133123365339766116225934690974112998499372221431364529
.. 25 to 29 years23277724111213223325466760894243978143868231803171221
.. 30 to 34 years219324277212223250275675554932871018130559042294360461
.. 35 to 39 years2144363118274229390343598518429841009126555152643299530
.. 40 to 44 years195847610733929336725855049902737834121546712361330455
.. 45 to 49 years203457511433426834225158952993000935132747852229313484
.. 50 to 54 years203556210229827433527066558313059936127044922075295393
.. 5 5 to 59 years2116354151347283311366700637433701007130743481908266370
.. 6 0 to 64 years205926514031828927331864064233223924135540511867329375
.. 6 5 to 69 years173566812124326425127843949273042776100934951775262404
.. 7 0 to 74 years14131551431682471782613834130234655676526931560240405
.. 75 years and over213011372984668094355227057462339876774031601699271431
Male
. 18 years and over1213014107431653165317692014537736076215004809594925206972118272596
.. 18 to 24 years14605323829471482911928481949093215011421100716
. 25 years and over1066953787051624160716211723344931257165914488544823785962118202580
.. 25 to 29 years11792392860831231383873416222743664433027348096
.. 30 to 34 years109353941119117120155380317816324545472841858216238
.. 35 to 39 years1062933751491152171983302951151250151625661068141255
.. 40 to 44 years96285169180128184161266274013504135802136966161241
.. 45 to 49 years99933654178142188126348294014724566052070985141253
.. 50 to 54 years99302742156154159141372305715144255192072901155237
.. 5 5 to 59 years100463168214146164197388311614434845072065854162206
.. 6 0 to 64 years98191966175135111149325317114874385331949817223220
.. 6 5 to 69 years81983249115121130118211221214893353841779790184248
.. 7 0 to 74 years669110668011372119153175310992573291459769146266
.. 75 years and over903460145197353153219290272413662902851545877211321
Female
. 18 years and over12926242572615101760183619454742348722352855728220281061273813241960
.. 18 to 24 years1447934192355922711580387054293206701954145712
. 25 years and over11478339170714871705174416743162310021809952527550261511259313171948
.. 25 to 29 years1148533125249110116281267420155427953521106991125
.. 30 to 34 years10997336931061291202952372165556575830631436145223
.. 35 to 39 years1081429431251151731452682232147250774929491574158275
.. 40 to 44 years99562437158165183972842250138842163525351395170213
.. 45 to 49 years1035139601561261531262412359152747972327161244172232
.. 50 to 54 years1042535601421201761292932774154551175224201174139156
.. 5 5 to 59 years1111724831331371471693123258192752280122821054103164
.. 6 0 to 64 years1077346751431541631683153252173648682221021050106156
.. 6 5 to 69 years9158367212814312116022827151554442625171698579156
.. 7 0 to 74 years744045778813410614223123771247300436123579194138
.. 75 years and over122677715326945728330341647392033477455161482259111

提取了部分数据做了一些表格,可以参考一下吧。

亚裔人群主要包括中日韩印和中国台湾中国香港地区等等的,毫无疑问亚裔人口的受教育程度是最高的(亚裔自古以来重视教育)。西班牙裔主要是以墨西哥移民为主。

数据来源:https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2019/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html

(数据来源自美国人口普查局  注:自1942年以来,美国人口普查局的总部一直设在马里兰州的苏特兰,目前拥有约4,285名员工。人口普查局是美国商务部的一部分。对就是那个整天恶心我们的那个机构2333):

表格为:

Detailed years of schoolAll racesMalesFemales25 to 34 years old35 to 54 years old55 years and olderWhiteNon-Hispanic WhiteBlackAsianHispanic
(of any race)
NumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercent
Total22147810010669510011478310045208100.0381727100.019454399.96173452100.0114255710027428100.011395599.9934575100.01
Elementary or High school, no diploma
Less than 1 year, no diploma7690.43780.43910.31140.32750.33790.44490.31040.11260.51521.13851.1
1st-4th grade, no diploma14120.67050.77070.61180.34400.58540.911180.61410.11190.41090.810733.1
5th-6th grade, no diploma31111.416241.514871.33240.712451.515421.626081.53140.21680.61901.424817.2
7th-8th grade, no diploma33121.516071.517051.53550.810651.31892225941.512970.93971.52201.614284.1
9th grade, no diploma33651.516211.517441.54831.114331.814491.526491.511240.83961.41771.317205
10th grade, no diploma33971.517231.616741.55291.211231.417451.924531.416451.26522.41531.19012.6
11th grade, no diploma39401.820371.919031.77751.714191.717461.927711.619301.49053.3920.79512.8
12th grade, no diploma26711.214121.312591.15661.39821.211221.218741.111310.85612.113218232.4
Elementary or High school, GED
Less than 1 year, GED330140190120140702401207020110
1st-4th grade, GED1110.1650.1460310.1290500.1800.1440130.1100.1410.1
5th-6th grade, GED480260220806033036015011000210.1
7th-8th grade, GED3030.11620.21410.1390.11030.11610.22610.22010.1270.140690.2
9th grade, GED6080.33380.32700.21280.32210.32590.34730.33930.3940.370.1950.3
10th grade, GED12140.66330.65820.52630.64210.55300.69760.68430.61430.5130.11710.5
11th grade, GED19820.9105319280.83700.880318090.915230.913060.93301.2200.22680.8
12th grade, GED14190.68480.85700.53070.75800.75320.611290.78150.62140.8220.23401
High school diploma5654225.52811926.42842424.81048123.21912423.42693728.54432325.63546424.9810529.6237217983128.4
College, no degree
Less than 1 year college, no degree4528220541.924732.29612.114101.721572.337032.131862.25722.11080.85771.7
One year of college, no degree11090551444.859455.224395.436704.549805.388505.175925.315385.62892.114064.1
Two years of college, no degree143336.569546.573796.428786.449936.164626.8108876.391406.423388.55764.119985.8
Three years of college, no degree33271.517001.616271.48501.912061.512711.325521.521281.54971.814514761.4
Four or more years of college, no degree14120.67380.76740.64020.95020.65080.510690.68710.61730.61100.82230.6
Associate's degree, vocational
Less than 1 year college, vocational/associate's3690.21650.22040.2670.21440.21580.23070.22550.2370.1140.1530.2
One year of college, vocational/associate's12630.65280.57340.62610.64490.65520.610470.68830.61280.5430.31780.5
Two years of college, vocational/associate's63412.929552.83387312232.72479326402.85148344943.27902.92251.67312.1
Three years of college, vocational/associate's8980.44040.44950.42310.53390.43290.46950.45880.41370.5330.21240.4
Four or more years of college, vocational/associate's8690.44360.44330.42140.53030.43520.46910.45870.4970.4420.31230.4
Associate's degree, academic
Less than 1 year college, academic/associate's1220.1530.1690.1250.1600.1380920.1750.1180.190.1210.1
One year of college, academic/associate's5790.32480.23310.31020.22130.32650.34270.33620.3930.3440.3770.2
Two years of college, academic/associate's91384.138183.653204.61818435234.33797472624.263884.511794.33852.810102.9
Three years of college, academic/associate's16240.76880.79360.83950.96510.85780.612750.710750.82250.8640.52360.7
Four or more years of college, academic/associate's15340.76410.68930.84050.96300.84990.512070.710000.71900.7820.62230.7
Bachelor's degree4993722.62378522.32615122.81272728.21946323.81774718.83965522.93564225454416.6465033.3452713.1
Master's degree 2222141096219125931140979.1930811.488109.3172239.91589711.221197.7243617.515324.4
Professional degree31361.418201.713171.25321.212371.513681.525581.523651.71880.73402.42090.6
Doctorate degree4529225802.419481.76821.518622.319852.13462232502.32971.16814.92430.7

 

前几天有群友有讨论到大学教育的意义就研究了一下,没找到好看的现成数据图表,就自己做了几个简单的表格,如有问题请指出。

老美情况就如上,有次站长去老美的时候和当地华人聊天嘛,就说在教育上我们还是非常重视的,基本家庭都会要求孩子读完大学,如果是严格的家庭,要求读好大学,然后读到博士和硕士也是非常常见的长久以来华裔群体比较吃香的就是生物、医学、IT这几个专业,相反的就是老美本土的普通家庭,尤其是红脖子老哥们,很多孩子读大学的有中途退出的,有不读的,反正直接找个沃尔玛收银员、服务员或者健身教练之类的工作就有几千美元月薪,生活是足够的了,天天回家steam或者游戏机不香嘛……至于西班牙裔的和黑人族裔的,可能入学率就更低了,这和家庭环境有关,也和社会环境有关。

但是不可否认的是老美的科技教育等等依然在世界上是领先的,这是事实,尤其是中产之上的家庭,对孩子的教育是看重的。虽然近年来我们大学的发文量专利等等也在追赶,但绝不能轻易自满呀,基础科学还有漫长的路要走的,想想那些刚建国时候一穷二白从外国学到知识,回来从废墟之上建设自己国家的人,是真的勇士,没有他们也没有我们今天的生活,站长也不能悠哉悠哉的坐在这里敲键盘了。当然也有很多人选择出去定居这是另一种想法了,难说对错,只有自己的决定和生活的无奈吧。

站长一直是支持我国继续通过大力发展教育来提升整体人口素质的。对于鼓吹学习无用论和大学无用论的大家笑笑就好啦。无论外界环境如何,无论如何争论,我们要继续支持教育投入,支持高校和一流学科的建设也非常重要。总有一天我们的大学生人口比例也能超过美国,科研成果产出也能够逐渐赶超,不畏围追堵截,不畏专利大棒,成为一个真正的创新型国家。

毕竟,科学技术是第一生产力嘛。

 

延伸文章:

贸易战当前,中美社会状态的一些对比心得

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